All units are constructed for indoor or outdoor mounting on a concrete pad with high and low voltage cables entering operating compartments through enclosed sidewall mounted bushings unittype transform. Such type of substations is usually for the voltage up to 11 kv but can be raised for the 33 kv or 66 kv when the surrounding air is polluted by dust, fumes or gasses, etc. Indoor substations may either be entirely underground or look similar to other underground distribution system and substation. All units are constructed for indoor or outdoor mounting on a. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. Short circuit and current capacity of equipment, bus and other equipment compliance with projects scope and requirements number of feeders and load circuits. Oct 11, 2012 hybrid substations are the combination of both conventional substation and gas insulated substation. From the above information, finally, we can conclude that a subsystem is an essential part of a power grid, and forms a. Design of earthing grounding system in a substation grid.
Early electrical substations required manual switching or adjustment of. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of. Electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Typical radial substation in the radial substation, there is only one source of feeding the load as shown in the figure below. What is substation types of substation classification on types of substation substation parts and equipment 3. Single line diagram of substations substations electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are generally located far away from the load centers. They step down the ehv to hv as per the requirement of the customers. Substation, its function and types an electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc.
It consists different types of equipment like transformer, generator, power cable. Some bays in a power substation are gas insulated type and some are air insulated type. This type of substation gets the power supply from a near producing facility. Drawing title 25251400 singer substation arrangement plan 25251401 singer substation sections 1 and 2. Single line diagram of substation electrical pw dist sys by kamaraju substation layout mohit kumar singh et. Hybrid substations are the combination of both conventional substation and gas insulated substation. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. Substation types free download as powerpoint presentation. Electrical power substation engineering and layout. Important formulas for designing a substation grid earthing system. Substation layout electrical substation electricity.
The four major types of substations are generating, customer, system and distribution substation. Both materials can be fabricated into various types of flexible or rigid conductors. Depending upon the availability of resources these stations are constructed. Earth clearance this is the clearance between live parts and earthed structures, walls, screens and ground. It consists different types of equipment like transformer, generator, power cable which helps in the power transmission. Jul 05, 2018 indoor substations may either be entirely underground or look similar to other underground distribution system and substation. These power generating stations may be hydroelectric, thermal or atomic. Design guide for rural substations usda rural development. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal construction delivery mode. Classification of electrical substation an electrical engineer.
Substation layout free download as powerpoint presentation. It describes various types of substations, illustrates typical layouts, and presents guidelines. Covers the layout considerations, bus configurations, and electrical. Pge is a proven leader of fullservice substation construction and engineering concept design, economic. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. These days gas insulated substations are built for high voltage systems.
With this design, there is an ease of operation of the substation. May 15, 2018 electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly. Earthing system is made of a mesh of buried bare copper cable, with additional earth rods, and shall be calculated, being recommended to use ieee std. This bulletin provides a basic design guide and a reference tool for designing rural.
Overall equipment cabinet dimensions, including height above. Oct 22, 2016 what is substation types of substation classification on types of substation substation parts and equipment 3. Substations a substation is a highvoltage electric system facility. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Indoor type substations in such type of substations, the apparatus is installed within the substation building.
The substation construction manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but. Location, types, sizes, and projections of required embedded anchor bolts. This fundamental course leads you through a stepbystep study of the substation design and construction process. Classification of substations the substation is the medium of transferring the power from generating unit to the consumer end. This design also places minimum reliance on signalling for satisfactory operation of protection. The cost differences increase with the size of the. It describes various types of substations, illustrates typical layouts, and presents guidelines to be used during detailed design. The different types of layout for substation are explained below in details. Substation transformers are designed for installation on threephase systems. The actual layout shall depend upon the type of substation switchyard viz air.
Distribution substations may also be the points of voltage regulation. The outdoor substations are constructed in the open air. An electrical substation is an installation with electrical equipment capable of interrupting or establishing electrical circuits and changing the voltage, frequency, or other characteristics of the electrical energy. The cross section of the buried cable should calculated in accordance with the value of the phasetoearth short. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an. For more information regarding the various types of substations and components of substations, you can refer to our other articles. Dec, 2018 for more information regarding the various types of substations and components of substations, you can refer to our other articles.
Distribution substations can be used for residential installations and for large industrial plants. What is a electrical substation definition, layout, and. Various power substations located in generating stations, transmission and distribution systems have similar layout and similar electrical. Surge arresters or lightning arresters discharge the over voltage surges to earth and protect the equipment insulation from switching surges and lightning surges.
Different types of maintenance being done on equipment are. Substation transformer installation, operation and. These transformers are classified into different types based on their design, utilization purpose, installation methods, and so on. Numbers of breakers, disconnect switches, transformers, auxiliaries, protective devices, lines and other equipment.
Both substations are simple singlesource, singletransformer, singlefeeder types. This type of layout is adopted for small and medium size substations and power stations. Methods may also be better suited to specific types of substations such as transmission and switching, distribution or industrial. In case of a fault in bus maintenance entire bus bar has to be shut down. The first step in planning a substation layout is the. Conductor materials copper and aluminum are the two major conductor materials used for substation buses and equipment connections. Expert instructors with decades of substation design experience will guide you in learning how to develop reliable substation.
The design based substations are indoor, outdoor, foundation mounted and pole mounted substations. Table 2 provides a general list of substation equipment types, their basic function. Step up and step down voltage of the distribution network to suitable values for networks operating. Substation layout substation layout single line diagram check. Technical guide the mvlv transformer substations abb group. Introduction sub stations are important link between generating stations and distribution networks.
Different layouts for substation radial, tapped, lilo. By this post, you will gain some very basic information for a substation. Now i will discuss the classification of an electrical substation. The general requirements for substation electrical design drawings with respect to equipment identification codes, voltage colours for single line. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Basic substation configurations and the components avo training. Types and configurations of ehvehv and ehvhv substations the role of ehvehv and ehvhv substations in transmission network ehv and hv equipments types of ehvehv and ehvhv. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather.
The main difference between a residential substation and a large industrial substation is the voltage and power levels involved. Layout considerations this chapter presents general information concerning the design of the substation physical arrangement. Our substation, project management and engineering teams complete custom designed projects within budget and on. The four major types of substations are explained in this article. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Our substation, project management and engineering teams complete custom designed projects within budget and on schedule for various clients. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and. Busbars receive power from incoming circuits and deliver power to outgoing circuits. Location and size of required openings in the foundation for conduits. Substations are an important part of the power system. The design is based on convenience, local conditions available, area available and cost. Ehvehv and ehvhv 1 substations are an important element of the electricity transmission network of a country or of a large area of a country and their functions are. Some of the important components of substation are. Additionally there is the facility to support the economical operation of future feeder bays.
This chapter covers bare conductors and includes material types, ampacities, and connectors. The cost differences increase with the size of the substation, and the size and number of transformers used. It is used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system. The switch can be replaced by two manual high voltage breakers that can break the load, and expected. Oct 11, 2012 electric substations are the part of the power system and used for transferring power from generating points to load centers. C substation standards typical duplex switchboard surge suppressor networks detail layout 60. An electrical substation is an installation with electrical equipment capable of interrupting or establishing electrical circuits and changing the voltage, frequency, or other characteristics of the electrical energy flowing in the circuits. The first step in planning a substation layout is the preparation of a oneline diagram, which shows in simplified form the switching and protection arrangement required, as well as the incoming supply. Layout the first step in planning a substation layout is the preparation of a oneline diagram which shows in simplified form the switching and protection arrangement required, as well as the incoming supply lines and outgoing feeders or transmission lines. Single busbar system this system consists of a single bus to which various feeders are connected. Interconnection of power plants of the national or area electrical grid. Impact of new grid developments on substation design. Various incoming and outgoing circuits are connected to busbars.
Orientation of equipment and a complete anchor bolt setting plan. For distribution boxes of power suppliers or combination of sockets. Thus, this is all about different types of substations and you can refer more information for substation. At the distribution substation, the same type of equipment is present, but transformers are stepdown types. This document outlines the primary design standard for transgrid substations. Our european patents ep 2 400 614 b1, pdf this paper aims to demonstrate two closely related topics.
The substation is the part of an electrical supply system which transmits the high voltage from the generating substations to the local distribution networks. Power substation types basics of substation design. Substation types distribution substation located near to the endusers changes the transmission or subtransmission voltage to lower levels for endusers distribution voltages varies from 34,500y19,920 v to 4,160y2400 v blast and burn generally associated with fault current. It is a usual practice by many electrical utilities to prepare oneline diagrams with.
Such a substation has the following characteristics. D substation standards control switches escutcheons, lamps and. For fulfilling these huge power demands the modern time requires creation of bigger and bigger power generating stations. It describes various types of substations, illustrates typical layouts, and.
Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. In my last post about electrical substation, i discussed what is a substation, why we need substation and the most common components for an electrical substation. Substation layout consists essentially in arranging a number of switchgear components in an ordered pattern governed by their function and rules of spatial separation. Lightning arrester the substation equipments such as conductors, transformers, etc. One purpose of a substation is to contain the equipment for changing electric. Stability of the system, reliability of power depends on the type of layout chosen and components used in the sub stations. Located near to the endusers changes the transmission or sub transmission voltage to lower levels for endusers distribution voltages varies from 34,500y19,920 v to 4,160y2400 v blast and burn generally associated with fault current. Hence great care has to be taken to select the layout and. An electrical substation can be classified according to its service, function, mounting and types of apparatus as installed below.
These are also known as a 66kv substation, 2kv substation, 220kv substation, and 400kv substation etc. For fulfilling these huge power demands the modern time requires creation of bigger and bigger power. The following are types of substations based on locality. The first step in planning a substation layout is the preparation of a oneline. Classification of electrical substation an electrical. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal design delivery mode. High voltage transmission lines are used to transmit the electric power from the generating stations to the load centers. Between the generation and distribution, the voltage may vary through several substations. In the case of type testing of equipment, type test summaries are acceptable.